The 11th (spinal accessory) cranial nerve is evaluated by testing the muscles it supplies: For the sternocleidomastoid, the patient is asked to turn the head against resistance supplied by the examiner’s hand while the examiner palpates the active muscle (opposite the turned head).

What muscles does cranial nerve 12 innervate?

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is exclusively a motor nerve carrying general somatic efferent fibers (GSE). It innervates all intrinsic and almost all extrinsic muscles of the tongue, as well as one suprahyoid muscle, the geniohyoid muscle.

Which head neck muscle is innervated by a cranial nerve?

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are innervated by the lower part of cranial nerve XI (Standring, 2008).

Where does the accessory XI nerve originate?

The cranial root of the accessory nerve originates from cells located in the caudal medulla. They are found in the nucleus ambiguus and leave the brainstem with the fibers of the vagus nerve. They join the spinal root to exit the jugular foramen.

Which of the cranial nerves Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

The muscles innervated directly by the XI nerve are the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid, in addition to the laryngeal musculature (in collaboration with the vagus nerve), such as the palatal, pharyngeal, laryngeal muscles.

What nerve Innervates the Palatoglossus muscle?

All the other muscles of the tongue derive from the occipital myotomes. This is the reason that all the other tongue muscles receive innervation from the twelfth cranial nerve (hypoglossal nerve) except the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the tenth cranial nerve (vagus nerve).

Which muscle is innervated by the XII hypoglossal nerve?

Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation The hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) innervates both the tongue protrusor (genioglossus) and retrusor (styloglossus and hyoglossus) muscles through its medial and lateral divisions.

What muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?

Accessory nerveInnervatessternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscleIdentifiersLatinnervus accessoriusMeSHD000055

What is the hyoglossus muscle?

The hyoglossus muscle is one of the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue. It is a quadrilateral muscle that originates along the whole length of the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue. The hyoglossus acts to both depress and retract the tongue.

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

The hypoglossal nerve enables tongue movement. It controls the hyoglossus, intrinsic, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles. These muscles help you speak, swallow and move substances around in your mouth.

Article first time published on

Which cranial nerve Innervates muscle for facial expression tear production and most Salivary Glands?

The facial nerve provides motor innervation of facial muscles that are responsible for facial expression, parasympathetic innervation of the glands of the oral cavity and the lacrimal gland, and sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

What does the Abducens nerve do?

The abducens nerve functions to innervate the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle and partially innervate the contralateral medial rectus muscle (at the level of the nucleus – via the medial longitudinal fasciculus).

What is the trapezius innervated by?

Cranial nerve XI innervates the motor function of the trapezius. The function of the trapezius is to stabilize and move the scapula. The upper fibers can elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula and extend the neck.

What nerve supplies sternocleidomastoid?

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is generally considered to have nerve supply from the accessory nerve. However, the innervation pattern to the SCM is not so simple and it also receives fibers from the C2 and C3 anterior branches, as studied by Caliot et al.

What muscles are innervated by cranial nerve 5?

This branch supplies motor innervation to the facial muscles involved in mastication which include the masseter, temporalis muscle, and the lateral and medial pterygoids.

Are any skeletal muscles innervated by cranial nerves?

Skeletal muscles that arise from the branchial arches are innervated by fibres of cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X; these are classified as special visceral efferent fibres. The cranial nerves (I–XII) and their areas of innervation.

What muscles does facial nerve innervate?

The facial nerve passes through the stylomastoid foramen in the skull and terminates into the zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical branches. These nerves serve the muscles of facial expression, which include the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, and platysma muscles.

Is cranial nerve 11 motor or sensory?

The accessory nerve is the eleventh paired cranial nerve. It has a purely somatic motor function, innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Which muscle is innervated by the tibial nerve?

In addition to the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, the tibial nerve innervates the plantaris, soleus, popliteus, posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus muscles (Fig. 1).

What muscle does cranial nerve 6?

Cranial nerve 6, also called the abducens nerve, controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle. This muscle moves the eye outward, away from the nose. When this nerve is damaged, it may not be able to do its job.

What is hypoglossal canal?

The hypoglossal canal is located between the occipital condyle and jugular tubercle and runs obliquely forwards (posteromedial to anterolateral) allowing the hypoglossal nerve to exit the posterior cranial fossa.

What is the origin of Hyoglossus muscle?

structure and function The hyoglossus muscles originate on each side from the whole length of the greater cornua and also from the body of the hyoid. They are inserted into the posterior half or more of the sides of the tongue.

What muscle forms the posterior Faucial pillars?

The posterior faucial pillar is formed by the palatopharyngeal muscle. It originates from the posterolateral part of the soft palate and runs downward and laterally to insert into the pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the thyroid cartilage of the larynx.

What is between the Palatoglossus and Palatopharyngeus?

Structure. It is separated from the palatoglossus muscle by an angular interval, in which the palatine tonsil is lodged. … The anterior fasciculus, the thicker, lies in the soft palate between the levator and tensor veli palatini muscles, and joins in the middle line the corresponding part of the opposite muscle.

What is Buccinator muscle?

The buccinator muscle plays an active role along with orbicularis oris and superior constrictor muscle during swallowing, mastication, blowing, and sucking. It aids in mastication and blowing by compressing the cheek inwards.

Which are Infrahyoid muscles?

The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four paired muscles that lie inferiorly to the hyoid bone in the anterior aspect of neck. This group of muscles is also known as strap muscles. They connect hyoid, sternum, clavicle and scapula. Infrahyoid muscles are organised in two layers.

What Innervates the Geniohyoid?

Innervation. The geniohyoid muscles are innervated by a branch of the ventral ramus of C1 from the cervical plexus which courses with the hypoglossal nerve in to the floor of the mouth.

What nerve innervates the deltoid?

After exiting the quadrangular space posteriorly, the anterior branch of the axillary nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus, with the posterior humeral circumflex artery, to then innervate the deltoid muscle.

Where is the genioglossus muscle?

The genioglossus muscle is a fan-shaped muscle that is involved in forming most of the tongue mass. It emerges from the superior mental spines and inserts on the hyoid bone as well as the inferior portion of the tongue.

What is the origin of Styloglossus muscle?

The styloglossus muscle is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue, and its origin in the styloid process of the temporal bone is well documented. However, some authors have noted variations in its origin.

Which cranial nerve innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle quizlet?

The spinal accessory nerve is a motor nerve that innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.